By Audrey Tan
Sunscreen is a daily necessity to protect the skin from the damaging effects of harmful UV rays. But did you know that sunscreens can be classified as either “physical” or “chemical” based on how they protect your skin from the sun? Here’s how they’re different:
- Physical sunscreens (a.k.a mineral sunscreens) contain active mineral ingredients like zinc or titanium dioxide that sit on the skin to form a physical barrier, shielding the skin by reflecting UV rays.
- Chemical sunscreens contain organic compounds that soak into the skin, absorbing UV radiation and converting it into heat for release.
The general consensus is that physical or mineral sunscreens are “better” because they do not contain harmful chemicals. Read on to discover if this is true and to find out which one is best for your skin!
Sun Protection And Safety
Most skin experts, including those at the American Academy of Dermatology, recommend mineral sunscreens for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. This is because the minerals used, Zinc Oxide and Titanium Oxide (both recognised as safe and effective by the FDA), are generally well-tolerated by people with sensitive, problematic skin.
Above all, most dermatologists agree that mineral sunscreens, which form a physical barrier, offer superior sun protection. Importantly, since these minerals do not penetrate the skin, they are considered less toxic and safer for humans, providing a reassuring choice for your skin’s health.
The primary concern with chemical sunscreens is that they contain chemicals potentially harmful to humans and the environment. For instance, several brands, including Neutrogena and Aveeno, recalled products from market shelves after finding that they were contaminated with benzene, a cancer-causing chemical.
Since chemical sunscreens work by being absorbed into the skin, there’s a substantial concern that the chemicals can enter the bloodstream. Once there, they can disrupt hormones and other essential body functions.
They’re also more likely to trigger or exacerbate problematic skin conditions such as allergies, melasma, and rosacea. This is concerning since sunscreen is meant to be used daily and in high amounts to guarantee protection, highlighting the potential risks of chemical versions.
Wearability
It is worth noting that in terms of wearability, mineral sunscreens feel heavier or thicker on the skin, often leaving a matte finish. They’re also more difficult to spread and known to leave a white cast, which can be more noticeable on darker skin tones. This is something to consider if you wear makeup, as it can give you patchy, uneven results if you do not ensure proper absorption beforehand.
On the other hand, chemical sunscreens are lighter and often feel like lotion or moisturiser, resulting in a dewy finish. Since they absorb into the skin rather than just sitting on the surface, they are less noticeable and more pleasant to wear. Because of this, they provide an excellent base for makeup.
Both types of sunscreens work well with skincare, but chemical-based ones are more likely to cause irritation or breakouts. Mineral sunscreens, with their matte finish, are more compatible with oily skin types; conversely, chemical lotions, with their dewy finish, are better suited for dry skin.
Additionally, mineral formulas are generally non-comedogenic and non-inflammatory, making them less likely to clog pores and cause breakouts for those with acne-prone skin.
Environmental Impact Of Chemical Sunscreens
When scientists observed colourful sheens of sunscreen at popular tourist sites in the early 2000s, they questioned whether these substances impacted the local coral reefs. This curiosity sparked further research, leading to the publication of the first paper linking sunscreen exposure to coral bleaching in 2008.
More research showed that oxybenzone, a common ingredient in chemical sunscreens, is particularly toxic to corals. Oxybenzone causes bleaching and developmental deformities, severely impacting coral health and the surrounding marine ecosystem. In response, popular tourist destinations such as Hawaii, Thailand, and Aruba have banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate to protect their underwater environments.
Are Mineral Sunscreens Better?
Given chemical sunscreens’ health and environmental concerns, many experts recommend mineral options as a safer alternative. They are also less likely to cause irritation or breakouts.
Furthermore, mineral sunscreens offer superior sun protection, forming a protective shield on top of the skin. Unlike chemical sunscreens, mineral sunscreens do not penetrate the skin, making them less toxic and safer for human use. This physical barrier is also more stable under sunlight and fast-acting, providing immediate, longer-lasting protection.
If it helps, you can think of mineral sunscreens as a nutritious, home-cooked meal. In contrast, chemical sunscreens are akin to fast food. One provides protection without significant side effects, while the other offers protection with a price: your health.
Regardless of your choice, all experts agree that sun protection is necessary. But if you want to avoid any potentially harmful effects, mineral sunscreens are the way to go!
Now, get out there, enjoy some sunshine and safely top up your Vitamin D!